Chinese food is commonly eaten with chopsticks. Several years ago, the use of a fork and knife was believed to stand for violence whereas chopsticks represent gentleness and compassion. A typical Chinese meal consists of a carbohydrate or starch like noodles, rice or buns; and accompanying stir fried dishes of veggies, fish and meat. Fresh vegetables like mushroom, water chestnuts, bamboo and even tofu are commonly used. Dishes are shared communally. Round tables suit large groups; and for easy sharing, Lazy Susan turntables are common.

Hierarchical sharing of a Chinese meal

There is a specific seating order to every formal dinner, based on seniority and organisational hierarchy. The host (or the oldest person) takes the ‘seat of honour’; usually in the centre facing east or facing the entrance to the room. Guests with higher status sit in close proximity to the ‘seat of honour’, while those with lower positions sit further away. The least prestigious seat is generally nearest to the kitchen entrance or service door.

At first glance, you will see a pair of chopsticks and a teacup  on your right. A soup bowl sits above a main dish in the centre; and a side plate resides to its left. Additions may include a chopstick rest or holder, a large water or wine glass, and a smaller glass for baijiu. Occasionally a small shallow dish is left for each diner, to hold a small amount of a condiment or sauce. After piping hot tea, cold dishes are served first. Hot dishes are then served one by one. Soup is sometimes the last dish of a meal, followed by fruit for dessert. At some formal meals, there may be longer, ornate communal serving chopsticks, specifically for shared dishes only.

 

Setting the Table, an exploration of eating rituals across cultures that goes far beyond four legs and a surface.

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